


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



KATIONAL TEMPERANCE. 






HENRY G. SPAULDIXG, 

Pastor of the First Parish Church, Framingham. 



LORIXG, Publisher, 

319 Washington* Stiiej.t, 
BOSTON. 



HV 50 %t 
■Si 



RATIONAL TEMPERANCE. 



Ai i great reforms have llrst been kindled possible self-sacrifice to cheek tlie course of 
by moral enthusiasm. The presence of some the destroyer? Who would not resolve 
form of evil in the community has touched that, if the rest of the city should be spared, 
the human heart, set it afire with Indigna- nothing should be left undone to make the 
tiou against the evil-doer, and made it burn safeguards against the return of the pesti- 
With pity for the victims of the evil. And lence strong and sure? 

this moral enthusiasm of the reformer some- Yet let us suppose in this case the moral 
times purifies the whole intellectual atmos- feelings of some of the citizens to be misdi- 
phere from those sophistries which an evil retted, — wasted in fruitless denunciation of 
up a< its defence. For it is a i the careless agents by whose negligence the 
law of human progress that the warmth of contagious disorder had been allowed to 
feeling which a generous purpose to do good touch their shores. Let us still further sup- 
and combat evil awakens in the heart, tends , p0 se these excited citizens to visit in a body 
to buru away the fogs and clouds of error , the ablest and wisest physicians whom they 
which are always floating before the mind. can fl lu i, and beseech them to discover, if 
I say tends to clear them away. This is the possible, some quicker and more efficacious 
natural law. And yet. just here arises one cure for these terrible ravages of the pesti- 
of the greatest hindrances in the way of i CU ee. What would (heir answer be likely 

to be? Would they not, with all the cool- 
ness and precision of their scientific judg- 
ment, refer the inquirers to the real causes 
The very force of moral feeling which has of the outbreak of such epidemics ? Would 
this tendency to burn up errors and sophisms they not explain to them that the primal 
is often turned into wrong channels, where, , sources of the disease were in the habits of 
instead of removing the old obstacles, it life of the people of the city, their neglect 
only creates new and greater ones. Let me of physical laws, their constant violations of 
try to make this plaiu by illustrations. In ; the simplest requirements of bodily health? 
some thickly settled ward of a large and Would they not show them that the best 
densely populated city, a pestilence breaks quarantine against pestilence is universal 
out. I3y some neglect on the part of the : obedience to the divine laws of life, and 
quarantine officers, the infectious disease | that no specific remedy is of any possible 
has been brought into the city from a foreign value compared with those wise measures 
port; and, owing to the iguorance of those : of prevention which should always and 
who took care of the first victims, no proper everywhere be employed. 



MISDIRECTED ZEAL. 



precautions have been taken against the 
spread of the disease. And now the de- 
structive plague extends over whole dis- 



But turn now to a still more evident in- 
stance of a misdirected moral zeal, blinding 
the mental vision. Here is the sad case of a 



triets of the ill-fated city. Like a devouring j young man whose moral character has gone 
flame it -weeps on its way, and before its to wreck on the quicksands of overreaching 
progress can be stayed, thousands of victims speculation. Beginning in the legitimate 
have been laid low in the grave. Whose I pursuit of business success, following an hon- 
heart thai is human would not be stirred to orable calling in an honorable way, he is 
pity and roused to action in the presence of, tempted by the seductive influences of spec- 
such an evil? Who would not make every ulative adventure, by the many examples 



Katioxal Tempeeaxce. 



that he sees of a rapid accumulation of for- 
tune, to embark on the dangerous sea him- 
self. He means at first to go but a little ways. 
But one venture leads to another, and he is 
soon out in the deep water, where in order 
to save himself he must have recourse to 
desperate and dangerous expedients. He 
is unconscious perhaps of the fraudulent 
character of some of the transactions he en- 
gages in; and he knows that an easy-going, 
good-natured public will not thiuk hardly of 
his shrewd schemings, his cunning business 
plots,his skilful m.moeuvrings with notes and 
stocks. Deeper and still deeper does he ven- 
ture in; until at the last, just as the tide 
reaches the flood, and seems about to lead 
him on to fortune, the wave suddenly flows 
back, the tide ebbs, the prize is lost, and the 
man whose success appeared so near, just 
within his nervous grasp, is stranded in 
financial ruin and moral wreck. Fortune, 
character, reputation, and the possessions of 
many an innocent and confiding creditor are 
all involved in common loss and irreparable 
disaster. Is not this a case to awaken our 
moral indignation, to kindle in every heart 
the desire and the purpose to do something 
to keep our young men from such ruinous 
courses ? 

The man whom drunkenness degrades to 
the level of the brute sinks not, in my esti- 
mation, so low as this man whom the lust 
of money has robbed of every manly virtue, 
and transformed into a cunning, avaricious, 
self-seeking demon. Not a week passes but 
such victims go down in the business whirl- 
pools of our great cities. Not a young man 
who enters what is a legitimate business 
career but will meet the temptation to turn 
aside into these dangerous and seductive 
paths of immoral speculations. But while 
we cannot help feeling a just indignation at 
the practices which lead to such results, 
while we would guard business life from the 
dangers which threaten it on every side, 
the question arises : In what direction shall 
the warmth of our moral enthusiasm on this 
subject move us to act? Shall we denounce 
the customs of trade as being all pernicious 
and altogether wrong? Shall we arraign the 
whole existing order of business transactions, 
and pass upon it one sweeping condemnation? 
Shall we say that all speculation in money 
or in merchandise is wrongful and danger- 
ous in its influence upon the unthinking and 



the unwary ? Shall we place the honest bank 
director in Framingham, the upright broker 
or commission merchant in Boston, on the 
same low level with the unscrupulous Fisks 
and Goulds, and the rest, who are doing so 
much to poison the very fountains of busi- 
ness morals in the metropolis of our country ? 
Or rather shall we not add to the prompt- 
ings of the warm heart, that bid us do some- 
thing to arrest the growing evils of specu- 
lation, the suggestions of the clear head, 
and so try to see what is possible and prac- 
ticable for us to do in the matter? We 
should then turn our attention to the vari- 
ous and complicated causes of the evil in 
question. "We should see that frauds and 
cheating?, and all the alarming irregularities 
of trade and exchange, originate in a low 
standard of business morality, in the bane- 
ful separation of religion from the transac- 
tions of the market and the street, in the 
prevailing worship of the Almighty Dollar, 
and especially in the unusual facilities for 
the speedy acquisition of riches which the 
exceptional state of the country, and the 
anomalous condition of the currency have 
afforded. We should see that by these and 
kindred causes, ruinous speculations and 
financial immoralities are created and nour- 
ished; and that the way to strike at the 
root of the evil is, not to dash our ineffec- 
tual blows against the whole structure of 
trade and business, but by wise and judi- 
cious measures to strengthen the moral tone 
of the community ; to make men heed the 
plainest teachings of political economy ; and 
above all, to rekindle in men's hearts and 
minds a true devotion to that undefiled re- 
ligion, whose first requiremeut is that we 
do justly, and whose God-given remedy for 
the passion of selfish greed is that we love 
our neighbor as ourself. 

RATIONAL TEMPERANCE. 

The bearing of these illustrations upon the 
subject we are about to discuss is obvi- 
ous to all. Not that the evil of intemper- 
ance is in all respects the same as pesti- 
lence, or commercial immorality. But the 
natural law that misdirected zeal, moral 
enthusiasm turned into wrong channels, 
and left without the sure guide of leasou, 
fails to do the good it aims at, ami is sure 
to do much harm, is forcibly illustrated in 
the past history and present aspects of the 



R \ 1 1. >N \1. TSMPEfi kNCE. 



temperance question. The enlightened 

Christian moralist, accustomed to study 

the complicated structure of human nature 

and 1m - i the habit of tracing 

%•■> :i variety and combination of 

Is Intemperance as a mighty 

l bj many tributary streams. He 

- - si ■!> up even its must prolific 

source, while the tributaries still send their 

supplies marked channel, Is not 

to cure, but only, at the best, to modify the 

evil. He Is too well versed In the princi- 

aoe to < zpect to find a 

sure at - remedy tor the evil In 

any form of legislation, (.'specially In those 
forced enactments which do not represent 

of the great 

majority o( the people. And he is also too 
well acquainted with the teachings of med- 
ical and physiological science not to avoid 
such evident mistakes of fact and errors of 
judgment as are Implied in some of the 
rtlons and Indiscriminate 
statements o( the advocates of teetotalism. 
In a word. Buch a man prefers to keep his 
reason where God and nature meant it to 
be kept — 'if the helm of the ship — aud not 
wandering up and down the deck at the 
bidding ol every emotion and enthusiasm. 

His : : symj ithles can be touched by 
the awful etlV-cts of hydrophobia without 
prompting him into a quixotic crusade 
against the whole canine race. He would be 
devoted, self-denying, heroic eveu, iu facing 
the dangers of a pestilence aud rescuing its 
victims; but his feelings would find their 
vent, uot in unreasoning clamors and un- 
founded demands, but in the ditfusion of 
such knowledge and the promotion of such 
physical habits as would help to keep the 
plague away, lie is saddened by the ap- 
palling moral disasters that every week 
brings to his notice in the world of business 
life. But he wisely abstains from futile ex- 
aggerations concerning the rottenness of 
all transactions in trade and commerce, and 
turns hla thoughts rather to those obvious 
means which are at hand for bracing the 
moral character of his fellow-men, that they 
may be aaved from the inevitable dangers 
and temptations of money-making. And 
precisely so iu regard to the enormous and 
widespread evils of intemperance. He is 
full of pity for the degraded victims of this 
vice, aud for the innocent ones whom they 



cause to Buffer. His heart bleeds tor the 
thousands whom drunkenness has first Im- 
bruted and then destroyed. His Christian 

sympathies go forth toward all who are 

struggling to free themselves ami others 
from the fatal toils ot this monster. But 
lie cannot and will not abjure his Heaven- 
given reason. He cannot and will not sutler 
Ins enthusiasm to cloud his observation of 
tacts, or obscure his judgment of principles 
and laws. His very abhorrence of the vice 
itself, and his love of virtue ami purity 
and good morals, constrain him to study 
calmly and dispassionately the real sources 
of the evil, ami the best methods for its 
complete and final destruction. 

Are, then, the men, — ami especially the 
ministers of religion, — who try to maintain 
such a position as tins, to be silent on the 
great question of the Temperance Reform, 
because forsooth they may be deuouueed 
by extremists, or misunderstood by the un- 
thinking, or misrepresented by the unscru- 
pulous? For one, I know of but one rule 
for my utterances, — to speak the truth 
which has first been earned by the sweat of 
the brain and the hard toil of the mind; to 
speak that truth in perfect love, but without 
a particle of fear. Even if by so doing, 
friends are alienated aud enemies multi- 
plied, I cau choose no other course. To the 
truth alone, in its simple, naked unexag- 
gerated beauty, 1 stand pledged. Let us 
then seek to raise the vexed question that 
is before us to the serene heights of a calm 
analysis, an unbiassed inquiry, and, if possi- 
ble, a ratioual solution. 

Till: I'KOHIMTOKY LAW. 

The present aspects of the Temperance 
Reform are naturally arranged uuder two 
luads, the old division of luw r and persua- 
sion, the statute booK with its penalties, 
aud philanthropy with its remedies. Of the 
legal side of the question, it might almost 
seem as if there was nothing to be said. 
Everybody, in this Commonwealth at least, 
has discussed it again and again. The evi- 
dence has been taken, and a cloud of wit- 
nesses on either side have given in their 
testimony. Able jurists and learned advo- 
cates have presented the arguments. The 
case would seem to be closed and only a 
verdict wanting. But just here is the diffi- 
culty. As jet, no fairly-inferred and clearbj- 



Kational Temperance. 



pronounced verdict has been given. Many of 
the advocates of extreme prohibition are 
now confessing the mistake they have made 
in leaning so much upon the law which they 
had themselves caused to be enacted. On 
all sides we hear the cry raised for a fresh 
assault on the enemy by the forces of moral 
suasion which the law has hitherto kept too 
far in the rear of the fight. The complete 
success of the law is claimed by no one. In 
many places, to-day, it is as far from being- 
enforced as when the first Maine law was 
put into operation. At a recent session of 
the Worcester and Middlesex County Tem- 
perance Conference, it seemed to be con- 
ceded by the majority of the speakers that 
too much had been expected, and compara- 
tively little realized, from prohibitory legis- 
lation in the State. Some of the remedies 
proposed for its failure were of the most 
doubtful and even dangerous character. 
The State, it was urged, having passed the 
law, must now enforce it, and if need be 
must appeal to the sword and the cannon. 
The scenes of strife and bloodshed that at- 
tended the violent enforcement of the Fugi- 
tive Slave Law were referred to as argu- 
ment that even this equally, if not more, 
unpopular law might be fully carried into 
execution, and in this way public opinion 
be educated up to the right standard ! An- 
other suggestion, supposed to be offered in 
the interests of an enlightened public policy, 
proposed to turn the State itself into a gi- 
gantic teetotal publishing house, with power 
to spend a hundred thousand dollars a year 
in the printing and circulation of temper- 
ance documents ! 

To a calm looker-on, to one who would 
truly be an unprejudiced observer of the 
present state of afl'airs in regard to prohibi- 
tion, three things are clearly evident, — 1st, 
That the prohibitory law, as it stands upon 
the statute book, has thus far failed to effect 
to any marked degree the object for which it 
was placed there, the principle of prohibi- 
tion as a legal remedy for the evils of intem- 
perance being to-day as far from a final and 
permanent victory as when the first prohib- 
itory law was enacted. The second fact is, 
that continued and repeated violations of 
this law — a law that has not like some 
statutes become a dead letter by remaining 
in obscurity, but has been in everybody's 
mind all the time, and yet has been by al- 



most everybody repeatedly and contiuaally 
disregarded — have worked their natural ef- 
fects in a wide-spread demoralization of the 
people, breeding a contempt for all law and 
order, and so indirectly aggravating and in- 
creasing the very vice of intemperance it- 
self. And thirdly, it is becoming plainer 
every day that the fundamental conditions 
whereby any law can be made effective for 
good cannot be realized in this or any other 
intelligent and liberty-loving community in 
regard to what is known as the Maine or 
Prohibitory law. 

What these conditions are have perhaps 
never been more forcibly stated than by a 
learned English advocate of the extreme 
principle of prohibition, Mr. Recorder Hill 
of Birmingham, in whose published charges 
to the Grand Juries of that city may be found 
a complete discussion of all questions relat- 
ing to social morality. Referring to our own 
country, this able jurist says : " In the United 
States, a land of democracy, no such law can 
be passed unless it is the will of the majority 
to put themselves under the restraint in ques- 
tion. Nor can it remain upon their statute 
book unless that public opinion to which it 
owed its origin is permanent. Again, that 
majority must be very large ; it must be sup- 
ported by the wealth, the intelligence, and 
above all by the moral and religious convic- 
tions of the State. All these are elements of 
power, and every element must concur to ena- 
ble such a law to work itself into the habits 
and manners of the public." Such is a clear 
statement of the conditions on which alone 
a prohibitory liquor law can be sustained. 
Will any one maintain that these conditions 
have ever been fulfilled or are likely to be 
fulfilled in this Commonwealth? Is not the 
prohibitory law, by the confessions of its 
friends as well as by the declarations of its 
enemies, still far in advance of the public 
opinion of the State? Has not the public 
opinion to which the law owed its origri 
been anything but permanent, fluctuating 
from year to year, one legislature undoing 
the work of its predecessor only to have its 
own labors reversed at the succeeding ses- 
sion, making thus a continual see-saw of 
empirical law-making, unworthy of an en- 
lightened Commonwealth, and producing 
only a single sure and unmistakable result, 
— the passage of a vast tide of rum-selling 
and rum-drinking, whenever the legislative 



R \n«>N \i. TeMPBB kNCE. 



plank has been raised, whether It was ulti- 
mately tilted to the Bide of license or pro- 
hibition i 

Nvi LZBBRrr. 

: The prohibitory Law justly falls 
under condemnatioii because it seeks to su 
persede, or at least to impair, one of the 

great laws of human existence. Personal 
freedom indeed may be OSed as a cloak for 
license and i.. 38J 38. The thief or the 
murderer may rai>e the cry of liberty when 
he is imprisoned or sentenced. But for all 
this the fact remains, that individual liberty, 
limited only by tin condition qf not inflicting 
actual injury Hj . is the most valu- 

able possession which civilization has con- 
ferred upon mankind. And the worth of a 
State in the long run, as John Stuart Mill 
clearly shown, "is the worth of the 
individuals composing it ; so that a State 
which postpones the interests of their men- 
tal expansion and elevation 10 a little more of 
administrative skill, — a State which dwarfs 
its men in order mat they may be more do- 
cile instruments in its hands, even jur bene- 
Jicial pursuits, will find that with small men 
no great thing can really be accomplished, 
while mankind are greater gainers by suffer- 
iug each other to live as seems good to 
themselves, than by compelling each to live 
as seems good to the rest." 

in view of these considerations, the con- 
clusion is unavoidable, that whatever of 
good the prohibitory law has wrought in the 
Temperauce Reform ^a sort of good that it 
is at least an open question to say might 
just as well have beeu accomplished by a 
different sort of legislation;, there are real 
and positive evils to onset its beuelits. It 
has, by the confession of all, failed to do the 
light to be accomplished. Eignteeu 
ist uninterrupted trial of its 
merits under one lonu or another, leave the 
question or Temperance, so tar as its eflect 
is concerned, about where it was at the lirst. 
Its continued provocations to that law-Ue- 
fying spirit in me human mind, which is al- 
ways ready to a.-.-ert itself, have resulted in 
a general disregard of its provisions, caus- 
ing a wide-spread demoralization among 
the people, and fostering a contempt of all 
law in thousand.-? of heedless minds. It has 
trampled upon the plainest teachings of po- 
litical science, and ignored the prime impor- 



tance in the state of the perfect Liberty of 

the individual. And lastly, it has led the 
friends o( Temperance, by plating their 
chief reliance upon the clums] mechanism 
of an imperfect law. to relax those earnest 
efforts of moral suasion and personal appeal 
which must always be our main reliance in 
any wise and permanent reform. 

And this brings us to the centre and 
heart ol' the subject, and leads me to Bay 
that here again, in the matter of the moral 

remedies for intemperance, as in die matter 
of prohibitory legislation, i iind myself at 
issue with the extreme partisans of the 
Temperance Reform, I shall try to state 
as clears a- possl tie just what this issue 
relates to, and precisely what is the position 
that the advocates of rational temperance 
woidd maintain. 

THE APPALLING EVILS E IN n.MlT.KAXci:. 

And the tirst issue that naturally separates 
one chiss of temperance men from the rest 
relates to a question of fact concernin<» the 
real causes of the evils to be removed. The 
Honorable R. C. Pitman, of New Bedford, 
in a recent address on this subject, wherein 
the evils occasioned by drunkenness were 
carefully and dispassionately discussed, 



presented an array of statistics 



concerning 



intemperance that ought to arrest the at- 
tention of every well-wisher to his race. 
These statistics need not be repeated here' 
You all know what crimes and miseries^ 
what social disorders and private wretched- 
ness, intemperance produces. Y ou know 
that drunkenness paralyses the hand of in- 
dustry, and diminishes the material wealth 
and prosperity of the state and mitiou. You 
know that a huge percentage of crimes are 
committed by men under the accursed In- 
fluence of maddening drink. V uu knovv 
that pauperism, insanity and idiocy are 
among the horrid offspring of this parent 
vice. Statistics that are incontestable 
instances that are almost innumerable, have 
established these facts beyond the shadow 
of a doubt. Yet not even this s ad arr:iy 
of figures, appalling as its revelations are, 
can begin to convey an adequate impression 
of the enormity and vast extent of the evil, 
lor what is the abstraction of so much 
material wealth from the possessions of the 
State compared with the loss of moral 
streu-th and spiritual force which is due to 



8 



Rational Temperance. 



habits of intemperance ? "What statistician | 
can reckon the untold miseries in the home 
and family which the love of drink has ' 
brought upon the innocent and the helpless ? 
Who can estimate the amount of intellectual 
and moral force that is wholly lost to society 
by reason of the drinking habits of many of 
its young men. and of some of its otherwise 
brightest ornaments, and noblest leaders? 
How the habitual indulgence in narcotizing 
beverages dulls and blnnts all the finer per- 
ceptions of the soul: How an immoderate 
use of liquor, which falls far short of what 
is usually called intemperance, benumbs the 
spiritual faculties, robs religion and the 
church of the power and talents that are so 
much needed to carry on their heavenly la- 
bors, and tends to lower the whole plane of 
thinking, feeling, and action in the commu- 
nity ! Yes, these and kindred evils, whose 
roots entwine themselves among the most 
delicate fibres of domestic and social life, 
and, like noxious parasites, sap the purest 
happiness from human existence, are justly 
laid to the charge of intemperance — to the 
abuse, andto every form of the use ichich leads 
to the abuse, of alcoholic stimulants. 

THE ULTIMATE CAUSES OF DvTEMPETLi^CE. 

But why does intemperance thus furiously 
rage in the midst of human activities ? What, 
in the various cases we have referred to, is 
theca:.^ a if these evils ? To say 
that intemperance makes men intemperate 
is a manifest absurdity; but it is no less un- 
reasonable to regard the indulgence in in- 
to : iting drinks as the sole cause of certain 

evils, when it is evident that, in many in- 

sl s, it is only the outward symptom of 

a deep-seated and wide-spread moral disor- 
der. Mr. James Parton, whom I would by 
no means cite as an authority in these mat- 
ters, has yet very clearly stated the case 
against the ultra advocates of the Temper- 
ance reform. In his book on " Smoking and 
Drinking," written in defence of the princi- 
ple of total abstinence from both these in- 
dulgences, he candidly says : " The teetotal- 
lers have underrated the diificulty of the task 
they have undertaken. 

nature. When we look about us and con- 
sider the present physical life of man, we 
are obliged to conclude that the whole head 
is sick and the whole heart faint. Drinking 
i* but a symptom ichich reveals the malady. 



Perhaps if we were to stop our guzzling sud- 
denly, without discontinuing our other bad 
habits, we should rather lose by it than gain. 
It prevents our immediate destruction. The 
thing for us to do, then, is to strike at the 
causes of drinking ; to cease the bad breath- 
ing, the bad eating, the bad reading, the bad 
feeling, and bad thinking, which in a sense 
necessitate bad drinking. For some of the 
teetotal organizations might be substituted 
physical welfare societies." Yes; and let 
us add, that for some of our Temperance 
Conferences there might advantageously be 
substituted societies for the promotion of 
the intellectual, social, and moral welfare of 
our fellow-men. For, if intemperance, 
though itself the parent of many vices and 
many miseries, is yet only a symptom of a 
physical and moral disease, which is spread 
throughout the social system, it behooves 
us to turn our thoughts from the secondary 
to the primary causes of the evils we de- 
plore. 

THE SOURCES OF CRIME. 

See how it is in regard to crime. Nine- 
teen-twentieths of the crime committed in 
this Commonwealth we are told arises from 
indulgence in intoxicating liquor. But what 
else do statistics tell us concerning our 
criminals ? " It is notorious," says the Sec- 
retary of the Board of State Charities, in 
his Report for the year 1SGG, — "it is notori- 
ous that the great mass of criminals is made 
up of the poor, the ill-taught, the ill-condi- 
tioned, and in a double sense the unfortu- 
nate."' An English writer of authority, Mr. 
Hill, in his work on crime, places bad train- 
ing and ignorance at the head of his causes 
of crime. "The great majority of crimi- 
nals," he says, "that have come under my 
observation, have been found to have been 
either greatly neglected in childhood (mark 
these significant words), and to be grossly 
ignorant, or to possess merely a quantity of 
parrot-like and undigested knowledge of 
little real value."' One more witness on 
this point, I would cite, — the learned Re- 
corder of Birmingham, from whose careful 
and weighty charges I have already quoted. 
" Criminals," says this excellent authority, 
" taken as a body, are far below the average 
of every honest class, both in natural and 
acquired endowments." To what inference 
do such statements as these concerning the 



K wion \l. Tempeb wcr. 



criminal classes plainly point ? Is it not 

simply this : that ignorance, the lack of all 

straining Influences of education, and 

the hard pressure of unmitigated poverty. 
are the rime, of which 

drunkenness is often but an occasion, or 
only an associated and approximate cause I 
And what are we doing to dry up these 
fountain heads of viee and crime! In all 
our eities and large towns, dangerous classes 
of men. who are as sure to he criminals as a 
sapling - tee, are £ iwing up 

under the very shadow of Christian churches 
that are wrangling over the metaphysical 
dogmas of creeds, or spend " holy time " in 
the senseless routine of forms and ceremo- 
nies ! Where do we see the strong right 
arm of a true Christian philanthropy, reach- 
ing outward and downward from our 
churches, to litt up these degraded beings 
into the light of knowledge, and the pure 
air of civilizing and refining inline: 

Btsralnt, exercised by 
the force of law, should indeed be Invoked 
to keep CUe open temptations to intemper- 
ance from their reach, and all the power of 
individual appeal be brought to bear to 
re-cue the victims of drinking habits among 
_ ■:' our population. But the 
work to be done is to purify the soil 
I 
ance twr draws its sustenance. Whatever 
can be done to extend among the crimiual 
education, both intel- 
lectual and moral, and to alleviate the hard 



ease which the common therapeutics of Tern 
perance Reformers fail to touch. " Bad 

breathing," says Mr. James Parton, •• neces- 
sitates bad drinking ; " ami an able writer on 
social reform in England forcibly says: 
•■One of the causes which most actively 
contributes to the depravity of the poorer 

classes in Great Britain is the Insufficiency 
and unhealthiness of their dwellings. In 
dens unlit for human habitation, in a condi- 
tion far worse than that of domestic animals, 
how can the sense of morality be expected 
toexiSl •' The heavy, poisonous atmosphere 
keeps up a craving for strong drinks, and 
habits of intemperance ore the inevitable re- 
suit of this morbid condition." To reform 
this sad state of things in England, was the 
aim of one of George Peabody's noblest 
benefactions; and the improved tenement- 
houses which his wise and far-sighted charity 
caused to be erected in London have had a 
great and direct influence in checkiug the 
spread of intemperance among the laboring 
poor who occupy them. We may of course 
exaggerate the moral influence of sanitary 
measures like these; but after all deduc- 
tions are made, the fact remains, that good 
drainage, well-built and cleanly dwellings, 
pure air, pure light, and pure water do tend 
to make the laborer a sober and industrious 
man; and the philanthropist who helps to 
bring about these sanitary reforms may per- 
haps be a truer and better 'promoter of 
temperance than many who pass resolu- 
tions, but have never so much as touched 



burdeus of their poverty, is efl'ort rightly ' the degraded poor man with the tip of their 

:id sure in the end to be crowned dainty lingers. Shall we, then, ignore such 

with success. All else is but lopping ofl' the wise, humane, and civilizing charities as 

brauches. This alone is striking at the root, that of Mr. Peabody, when he lifted the 



and eradicating the hidden causes of crime. 

BAD DWELLINGS. 

But leaving now this lowest class in so- 
ciety.— the underlying stratum whence the 
criminals who till our prisons are chiefly 
derived, see how it is with the laboring 
ly. Look the facts fairly in 
the face, and then ask, whether those forms 
of drunkenness which do not usually lead 
to crime, or stimulate tbe hardened crimiual 
in his course, but which manifest themselves 
in domestic cruelties, iu the degradation of 
the home, and the thorough lmbruting of the 
man, — ask whether these things may not 
also be the symptoms of a deep-seated dis- 



Londou poor to a position where they could 
hold up their heads like sober men and es- 
cape the imbrutiug habits of their former 
low estate, and ascribe the evils of intem- 
perance to the glass of wine or ale on Mr. 
Peabody's dinner table ? Such sort of logic 
is as absurd as to say that a dew-drop that 
glistens in the chalice of a rose caused the 
wound in my flesh, to which I have been 
applying the rose-leaf, as a soothing and 
healing poultice. 

USED OF HEALTHFUL BBCEKATTONS. 

But there is another consideration in ref- 
erence to the cause of drinking among the 
laboring poor that deserves a moment's at- 



10 



Batioxal Temperaxce. 



tention. Mr. "Wendell Phillips once said in 
a temperance lecture, that it was not in hu- 
man nature, and never would be in human 
nature, to do without stimulus of some kind, 
intellectual, moral, industrial, or animal. 
The only question he added is : "What kind 
of stimulus will you give a man ? Had this 
eloquent orator followed this line of argu- 
ment a little farther in this direction, he would 
have reached the logical conclusion that to 
keep men from indulging in those forms of 
stimulus which affect the animal nature, the 
best and surest way is to furnish them plen- 
tiful supplies of the " intellectual, moral and 
industrial " kinds of stimulus. Would you 
lift a man above the level of the brute? 
Stimulate his higher nature. First of all 
give him something to do, some regular and 
healthful occupation ; for nothing feeds the 
river of intemperance like idleness. Give 
him something pleasant to read and think 
about, for the vacant mind is always a prey 
to the temptations of drink. Provide for him 
frequent recreations and amusements of a 
healthy sort, for thousands icho seek excite- 
ment in the cup might hate been saved if the 
natural craving of the mind for pleasurable 
recreation could have been always legiti- 
mately gratified. " It is very easy for you," 
says Herbert Spencer," it is very easy for you, 
respectable citizen, with your feet on the 
fender, to hold forth on the misconduct of 
the people*— very easy for you to censure I 
their extravagant and vicious habits — very 
easy for you to be a pattern of frugality, of \ 
rectitude, of sobriety. What else should j 
you be ? Here are you surrounded by com- 
forts, possessing multiplied sources of law- 
ful happiness. You have a cheerful home, 
are warmly and cleanly clad, and fare if not 
sumptuously yet abundantly every day. Por 
your hours of relaxation, there are amuse- 
ments. A newspaper arrives regularly to ! 
satisfy your curiosity ; if your tastes are j 
literary, books may be had in plenty ; and i 
there is a piano, if you like music. You can 
afford to entertain your friends, and are en- \ 
tertained in return. You may have a holiday 
. when you choose to take one, and can spare 
money for an annual trip to the sea-side. 
And enjoying all your privileges, you take 
credit to yourself for being a well-conducted 
man ! Small praise to you for it. If you do 
not contract dissipated habits, where is the 
merit? You have few incentives to do so. 



It is no honor to you that you do not spend 
your savings in sensual gratification. You 
have pleasures enough without. But what 
would you do if placed in the position 
of the laboring poor? Where would your 
prudence and self-denial be if you were 
deprived of all the hopes that now stimulate 
you?" These, my friends, are searching 
questions. We may carry them a step far- 
ther, and ask ourselves what are we, who are 
free from many of the temptations which 
assail other men, — what are we doing to 
provide them with something better than 
the animal stimulus which they so often in- 
dulge in to their ruin ? What are we, who 
perchance have never been tempted to be 
other than teetotallers in our habits, who 
have been so comfortable in our easily ac- 
quired virtue that we have thought it our 
duty to denounce all whose practices or 
whose opinions differed in the least from 
our own, — what are we doing to make oth- 
ers happy, and so win them to virtue ? We 
give them our example ; but how different 
are their conditions of life from our own! 
We go to church on the Sunday, and would 
gladly welcome them there. But it is not a 
sermon once a week that they need, so 
much as something to make their daily lives 
cheerful and pleasant, something to turn 
their thoughts from the burdens they have 
to carry, and the anxieties that harass 
their minds. O Christian men and women ! 
what a shame to our Christianity is the 
drunkenness of those whose daily lives no 
helpful word or deed of ours has ever 
brightened; whose crying needs of civiliz- 
ing, refining, uplifting influences, of work 
that shall not deaden, and of healthful play 
that shall not intoxicate, we have passed 
by, leaving them where the priest and Le- 
vite of old left the gaping wounds of the 
poor Samaritan, — on the other side. God be 
thanked for all the good and restraining in- 
fluences that wise legislation can exert in 
keeping the open temptations to intemper- 
ance from the laborer's daily walks ! God 
be praised for all the earnest labors of those 
who are striving to uplift the fallen victims 
of this vice to manhood and sobriety and 
virtue! But let no temperance man tnink 
the work can stop here. The causes are 
deep, and the cure must reach deeply too. 
We must do more than we have yet begun 
to do, to stimulate the higher nature in man ; 



R \ I li>\ \[. Tempef v\i !E. 



1 1 



ami then we shall have to 
him from the temptations of his animal pro- 
- eflbrt to improve the 
physical, intellectaal, Industrial, or moral 
welfare of mankind la a Bnre Btep onward 
ami upward. Bnt to imagine that we can 
atone for onr neglect to furnish healthfal 
food for the minds and hearts of our fellow- - 
men by attending conventions ami passing 
paper resolutions, is abont as extravagant 
a notion as to suppose that the psalm tunes 
. on Sunday can cure the measles or 
prevent the small-pox I 



TEACHINGS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL BGEBNCB. 

But 1 pass to a second issue which I 
make on this matter of Temperance Reform. 

The ultra advocates of prohibition and uni- 
teetotalism have Ignored the obvious 
dictates of common sense and the plainest 
teachings of physiological science in refus- 
ing to make a just discrimination, and to call 
things which are in their nature and effects 
wholly different from one another by differ- 
ent names. The narcotic effects of one 
class of drinks and the simply stim- 
ulating effects of another class may be as 
clearly distinguished, and by the best scien- 
tific writers are as clearly distinguished, 
from each other, as poison from food. And 
it is uot a little curious to note the fact that 
the fathers of the temperance movement 
iu New liuglaud anticipated tne decisions of 
physiological science upon this point. Their 
liutive and homely good sense drew a well- 
marked line between distilled or spirituous 
liquors on the one hand, — ardent, or fiery 
spirits. ;us they well called them; and those 
beverages, on the other hand, which are the 
products of fermentation. Tor a number of 
. the early history of temperance in 
»his State, the pledge required the man who 
it to abstain only from distilled 
liquors, from "ardent spirits." it is true 
this position was afterwards abandoned for 
that of entire teetotalism ; not, however, 
lor the reason that the distinction which 
hud been formerly made was false, but be- 
cause it was thought expedient for temper- 
ance men to be total abstainers in order to 
work more effectually iu putting down the 
drunkenness. What the common 
sen^e of those early Temperance Reformers 
plainly pointed out, the latest researches 
of physiological science fully sustain. The 



narcotic effects of alcohol,— 1 use the word 
narcotic- in its purely technical, scientific 
meaning,— the narcotic effects of alcohol 

upon the entire human organism arc always 

and invariably bad; while the merely stimu- 
lating effects Of certain kinds of liquors, 
such as beer, ale, and the lighter wines, arc 
often salutary and beneficial. The use of 
spirits in those forms which narcotize the 
system, except in rare instances where they 
are employed medicinally, is in itself detri- 
mental to health, and almost certain to lead 
to intemperance, vice and misery. On the 
other hand, the dietetic uses of those bever- 
ages which do not narcotize, but merely 
stimulate the system. — I say the dietetic 
uses of these articles. their uses with fund 
and n.< being in « true sense a sort offo 
compatible with the strictest morality, and 
may conduce to physical health. These I 
believe are the indisputable teachings of 
science on this vexed and difficult ques- 
tion. To state them is neither to advocate 
wine drinking, nor to be indifferent to 
the evils which wine drinking, as com- 
monly indulged in, is apt to create. But 
if they be true statements of fact, the 
cause of truth will gain nothing by winking 
them out of sight. If they be true, we see 
what dangers must arise, what hopeless 
confusion of moral distinctions, from in- 
discriminately putting lager beer into the 
same category with bad whiskey, lumping 
together cider and Med ford rum. and giving 
pure native Mines the same bad names 
that we affix to the poisonous compounds 
that are sold in the lowest grogshops. It 
may be zeal for temperance that leads to 
such foolish statements, but they are not 
prompted by a wise regard for truth or a 
wholesome fear of the immoral tendencies 
of every kind of exaggeration. 

But does not the admission of these facts 
open a wide door for the formation of drink- 
ing habits? If a line can be drawn any- 
where, will not every man insist on drawing 
the line for himself, and so the consequences 
be fatal to sobriety and temperance? My 
friends, if the truth can lead us astray, I 
know not how to help it. I only know that 
error will never lead us right. Hut the fact 
is, the teachings of science on this point, as 
on many others, are wholly on the side 
of pure religiou and a strict morality. The 
narcotic effects of alcohol — so science de- 



Rational Temperance. 



clares — are always bad, and in the vast 
majority of cases hopelessly demoralizing. 
To these effects is due the perpetual craving 
of the drinker for the repetition, and usually 
for the increase, of his dose. A recent writer 
on this subject tells, us, in what is indeed a 
cold, scientific statement, but is also a 
whole gospel of temperance, that "the first 
narcotic symptom produced by alcohol is a 
symptom of incipient paralysis. We allude," 
he goes on to say, " to the flushing of the 
face, which is caused by a paralysis of the 
cervical branch of the sympathetic." This is 
the first and sure sign that alcohol has pro- 
duced its narcotizing and poisoning effect, 
and the end of this beginning is usually the 
disorganization of a part or the whole of 
the nervous system, and in many cases final 
paralysis of the cerebrum. Do the ethics 
of teetotalism furnish a more significant 
warning against the habitual use of ardent 
spirits than these plain and indisputable 
lessons of physical and physiological 
science ? Nor is this all. Tried by the strict 
application of this cold, scientific law, avast 
percentage of the drinking indulged in by 
the American people is not dietetic and simply 
stimulating in its effects, but is wholly 
narcotic and hence perilous to the drinker. 
We cannot play fast and loose with science. 
When she declares that light wines and 
certain kinds of fermented liquors may 
sometimes, as Liebig tells us, "be safely 
employed as a restorative— a means of re- 
freshment when the powers of life are 
exhausted — or a means of correction and 
compensation where nutrition has been 
impaired" — she does not teach that we 
may with impunity put ourselves under 
the narcotizing and poisoning influences 
of alcohol, as so many of our country- 
men are in the habit of doing. We talk 
about the mild lager which the Germans 
drink, and rightly say that its dietetic uses 
are not intoxicating. But this assertion is 
no warrant for the daily and frequent use 
of beverages which are drunk solely for 
their narcotic efl'ects. We accept the 
statement of those who have resided abroad 
that a Bavarian beer garden with its music, 
its family and social gatherings, its scenes 
of pure mirth and pleasure, is not a harm- 
ful, but a healthful place. But that is a very 
different picture which observation paints 
for us at an American picnic or pleasure 



party, where the wine flows freely and 
faces are flushed, and the first cravings for 
the deadly narcotic are produced in many a 
thoughtless participant. Or again, we think 
of the harmless beverage — the ordinary 
drink of the country — which the Parisian 
takes as he sits in the cafe, and feels that 
wine indeed can "make glad ihe heart of 
man" without maddening his brain, or par- 
alyzing his strong right arm. But reality, 
as we look around us here at home, dispels 
the pleasing colors which fancy would have 
painted for us. Our countrymen seek for 
excitement in their beverages. They do not 
want to be kept well, but to be made to feel 
^pretty well, which in most cases means to be 
partially stupefied, to have the brain set in 
an unnatural motion, to put the reason un- 
der a cloud, to reach an unnatural pitch of 
thought and feeling, for which a headache 
is the first and slightest punishment, and 
physical degradation and degeneration in 
one form or another the final sad result. 

The Temperance Keform has no better 
ally than the unbiassed, impartial, indisput- 
able revelations of a true physiological 
science ; and the saddest side of the present 
aspects of thi9 great movement, is the per- 
sistent refusal of its leading advocates to 
heed the distinctions which science clearly 
points out, and enforce the plain and greatly 
needed lessons which she as clearly incul- 
cates. 

THE SOCIAL GLASS. 

But I pass to a third issue which separates 
those whom, without presumption, I would 
call the rational advocates, from the ultra 
champions, of temperance. This issue re- 
lates to the point that a sweeping condem- 
nation of all who use any kind of alcoholic 
beverages for any purpose whatever, is not 
a wise way to heal those actual and fearful 
evils that intemperate habits and unwise in- 
dulgences are spreading abroad in the land. 
That there are habits and indulgences among 
what are called the higher classes in the 
community, the refined and cultivated 
classes, which we may justly deplore and 
rightfully strive to remedy, cannot be denied. 
So there is often shameful unchastity within 
the well-guarded precincts of the marriage 
relation. But to charge upon marriage itself 
the profligacy and lust that exist in society 
would be a gross wrong and a palpable ab- 



R \n.>\ \i. Tempeh mh ::. 



1. 



surdity, it is no less absurd and wrong to 
Implication, an undeserved reproach 
upon those of our fellow-men who arc In the 
highest and Btrlctestsense temperate In all 
their habits — the Mends and supporters ol 
every good cause in the Interests of religion 
morality, nr Boclal advancement ; as If by not 
adopting the Procrnstean rule of absolute 
teetotal Ism they were the guilty promot- 
temperance and its kindred rices. 
Ami do we not, by Ignoring distinctions thai 

are as plain to be seen as any distinctions 
can be, divert nun's attention from the real 
practices which we want to condemn 7 Why 
nii^'ht not a resolution on this BUbject take a 
form like this ■ it while we do 

not presume to pass judgment upon the 
strictly temperate use of those lighter beve- 
rages which, as articles of diet or luxury, 
may he harmless in their eflfecl - 

custom of drinking at 
social gatherings and \ -. sueh a 

custom being, in our view, directly promo- 
tive of intemperate habits, and putting a 
snare and a pitfall iu the path of the un- 
thiukinu and unwary. 

This custom, too common in even com- 
munity, I do most earnestly deprecate and 
most emphatically condemn. Those who 
practise it are. I am persuaded, unaware of 
the real dangers it involves and the urgent 
■ r its entire discontinuance. For, 
in the tlr-t place, though a stimulant effect 
may be in the minds of those who indulge 
in this social drinking, -7 nere- 
is aim"*! Invariably produced, and a 
morsel - -jus thrown to that 

monster which slumbers in the animal 
nature of every man. — the terrible appe- < 



tite for drink. The downward path which 



g man to degrada- 
tion and ruin has begun at some party or 
pleasure gathering, where the animal spirits 
were high, and one form of excitement J 
1 to another, so that before the 
evening was over, the Hushed face and 
feverish poise betokened the first small 
beginning of the Bad, Bad end. And then, 
b t clear and convincing reason, 
;ht to be abandoned. Those 
who practise it do not need to have re- 
course to any animal stimulus. They can- 
not plead the excuse of the overworked 
laborer, who turns away from his dingy 
_. and having no source of healthful 



recreation open to him, goes to the bar- 
room or the uin palace, and finds his stimu- 
lus and recreation there. Bui why should 
those who meet iu the delightful intercourse 
of refined and cultivated Boclety, who have 
almost everything at their command to 
make their amusement and recreation pure 
and wholesome, add the needless, and, 
under the circumstances, dangerous excite- 
ment of the social glass, sure in this case to 
do some one harm, and promotive of benefit 
to none? 

WIIVT CAX AMD OUGHT TO BE DONE. 

Our lengthy survey of this vast Held leads 
us to certain definite and important conclu 
Sions as to what we can do, and ought to 

do. to promote sobriety and good habits in 
the community. 

First, in a general way, whatever we do to 
advance the physical, intellectual and moral 
welfare of our fellow-men is so much done 
in the interest of temperance. Every pure 
and healthy amusement you furnish 
who have but little recreation in their daily 
lives removes from their pathway one great 
temptation to drink. The truest Christian 
Churches, and the most efficient Temper- 
ance Societies in this land to-day, are the 
"Unions for Christian work," which have 
been established iu some of our cities. The 
purpose of such Unions is not only to carry 
to the poor the gospel on Sunday, iu a free 
and pleasant hall, but also to throw all re- 
straining and helpful influences around their 
daily lives, and to make them feel that 
virtue and happiness can indeed go hand in 
haud in this naughty world; that a man 
can live here as a child of God should live, 
rejoicing always in a cheerful service of 
love, purity and obedience. 

Then, secondly, having recognized the 
clear distinctions that really exist in the 
nature of things between the narcotic and 
the dietetic effects of alcohol, we must fear- 
lessly apply the lessons of 
science to our personal habits. There are 
many men who probably would never be 
converted from their indulgence by the doc- 
trines of prohibition and teetolalis 
may perhaps be led to see that wha 
call a safe habit on their part is full of peril 
to their health, is certainly iiupairin 
intellectual force and moral p >wer f i- sow- 
ing .seeds of disease and Intemperance iu 



14 



Rational Temperance. 



their future offspring, and is as irrational 
in the sight of science as it is justly blame- 
able in the sight of a pure and holy God. 
The object for which most men drink in this 
country stamps unmistakably the character of 
their indulgence. If I take any beverage or 
any drug in answer to a craving which I 
have for it, it is a perilous, if not a fatal 
habit, which I am forming. If I take it for 
a narcotic effect, to add to the excitement 
of my pleasures, to drown my cares, to let 
it sing its deadly lullaby to my brain, it is as 
sure as tlvt I live at all that I am living 
wrong. There is but one remedy in this 
case, and that is strict and entire absti- 
nence. On that side are safety, peace, do- 
mestic happiness, social well-being and use- 
fulness, and the clear head and strong arm 
for the service of God and man. On the 
other side are dangers, anxiety to friends, 
domestic griefs, and the loss to society and 
religion of so much strength gone to waste 
in feeding the flame of an unnatural and 
unnecessary indulgence. 

And thirdly, there is something for us all 
to do in holding up those who, having once 
fallen, are now standing up in their free man- 
hood again, resolved to fall no more. I do 
not care to picture for you the secret misery 
which is daily caused in many a home by the 
harmful indulgence of those who have no 
excuse for their habits but their own wilful- 
ness, or the terrible power of a craving for 
drink which they have inherited or acquired. 
There is agony enough of this sort in the 
world to justify, if anything could justify, the 
exaggerated statements and extreme posi- 
tions of the most ultra champions of tetotal- 
ism. These sufferings we must heed or we 
cease to be, I will not say Christian, but 
even human, in our feelings. We must not 
put the social glass in their way, and we 
must strengthen their better resolutions by 
every word of kindly sympathy and every 
deed of brotherly love, and by taking a real 
and Christlike interest in their highest wel- 
fare. 

And those who have formed such a reso- 
lution, and mean, if God helps them and 
man does not break them down, to keep it, 
have every inducement in the world to hold 
fast to their purpose. The question for them 
is not whether prohibition is a more ration- 
al mode of legislation than regulation, nor 
whether there is not a real difference be- 



tween two classes of beverages. For the 
man who has once fallen into intemperate 
habits, and is now striving to reform, these 
questions are purely speculative. They 
have no more practical bearing in his case 
than if they related to the constitution of 
the planet Jupiter, or Darwin's theory of 
the Origin of Species. He has but one thing 
to do, — and that is to keep the temple of 
his body pure. And he can do this in only 
one way, by resolutely shutting the door 
of the temple against everything that can 
iutoxicate, and against everything too, how- 
ever harmless it may be in itself, that can 
kindle in his body again the awfdl and con- 
suming flame of the appetite, which by the 
grace of God he has once put out. 

And lastly, let me repeat here what I 
have already said; that the custom of social 
drinking, as usually practised by those who 
have every avenue of pure and healthy 
pleasures open to them, is full of clanger to 
those who indulge in it, is sure to do harm 
to others, and ought, by all considerations 
of prudence, good sense, and religion, to be 
wholly abandoned. 

christian manhood. 

The greatest need of the world to-day is 
the same that has been its need through the 
ages, — Christian manhood ; to save the State, 
to build up the church, to uplift the race. 
The type and ideal of that manhood was 
given to mankind eighteen centuries ago. 
The Son of Man, indeed, " came eating and 
drinking." No ascetic in his habits, he de- 
cisively separated himself at the very outset 
of his career from the strict John-the-Baptist 
— the man who fasted, who ate no meat, but 
lived on locusts and wild honey, and who 
laid himself under a solemn vow "to drink 
nothing made of the vine-tree from the 
kernel even to the husk thereof." At the 
beginning of his heavenly ministry on earth, 
" absorbed in a mission which was to include 
all human nature, all times, all places, all 
circumstances," Christ placed himself in 
plain and unequivocal antagonism to all 
ascetic notions and practices whatever ; 
observing no fasts, taking no pledge, living 
in the liberty as well as the purity of the 
Son of God. Yet that law of perfect 
self-denial which bids you and me to-day 
to restrain our abnormal appetites, and do 
nothing whereby our brother shall be made 



Ration m. Tkmpeb tiros. 



15 



to Btomble, was the law of Ilis divine 
life. 
Ami while like Him we too may pat behind 
ew8 and requirements of the austere 
BoraUsts-»thc John-the-Baptlsts of our day 
— ami pay do heed to what any modem 
Pharisees may say of us. let us also be sure 
that baring done this we continue to follow- 
that great Examplar in all his ways. Lot us 
self in doing good to others. Let 
us keep our minds ami bodies unspotted 
from the stains of a worldly or sensual life. 
Let us consecrate ourselves wholly and 



unreservedly to the service of purity, holi- 
ness and love. Thus DO matter by what 

angry name Pharisaic bigotry may denounce 
us, do matter if we too be called wine-bib- 
bers and gluttonous, no matter if .Mir self- 

denylng efforts for others' good be turned 
into a reproach agalnsl us, and we be called 

the frieuds of publicans and sinners, our 
consciences shall be our approving judge, 
and the Saviour will accept the pure offer- 
ing that we bring. 

Aa Be died to make men holy, let us lice to 
make vten free. 



Rational Ttninitt. 



HENRY G. SPALDING. 

Pastor First Parish Church, Framingham. 




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HOW TO FUENISH A HOUSE WITH SMALL MEANS. 



DIXIE COOKERY. By Mrs. Barringer, of North Carolina 
PE0F. BLOT'S POPULAR LECTUEES ON COOKERY. 



Lining's Soring Publications. 



THE STORY OE MES. SHAKSFEAEE'S LIFE. 

A EOMAN LAWYER IN JERUSALEM: FIRST CENTURY. 

U> \v. \v. stouv. " An lngenlons defence of Judas Iscariot." 

FAEMING AS A PROFESSION. How Ohas. Loring Made it Pay. 
r.v Dr t. a. Blahs. 

TALES OF EUROPEAN. 
RATIONAL TEMPERANCE. 

By Henry O. Staldinc. 

SORRENTO WOOD CARVING. What it Is. How to Do it, 

HOWARD PAUL'S JOKES. 

Profusely Illustrated. 

MARION BEEKLEY. A Story for Girls. Boarding-School Life. 
I'.v i.ai'p.a Oaztos. With Dhutratlona. 

BEN, THE LUGGAGE BOY. 

The ji/ih "Bagged Dick" book. 

FLOWERS THE YEAR ROUND. Every Lady her Own 
Gardner. 

VIOLETTA AND I. 
EOBERT FALCONER. 

liy QzOBOB MacI)onali>. 

MOTHER GOOSE FOR GROWN FOLKS. 



Loring's Publications. 



LESLIE TYRRELL. By Georgiana M. Ckaik. 30 

LUCY! Or, MARRIED FROM PIQUE. (From the German.) ... 30 
BARON LEO VON OBERG, M.D. A story of Love Unspoken. (From 

the German.) 30 

GRACE OWEN'S ENGAGEMENT. ( From Blackwood.) .... 25 

FROM AN ISLAND, By Miss Titackeijay. 20 

Louisa M. Aleott's Three Proverb Stories : 

"KITTY'S CLASS DAY." "AUNT KIP." "PSYCHE'S ART." 25 



Handsome Cloth Books. 

MRS. A. D. T. WHITNEY'S BOOKS. 

Cloth. 

HITHERTO! A STORY OF YESTERDAYS $2.00 

PATIENCE STRONG'S OUTINGS. A very remarkable book. . . 1.50 

THE GAYWORTHYS - . . . 2.00 

FAITH GARTNEY'S GIRLHOOD. The best book for Girls ever written. 1.75 

DAVID ELGINBR0D. By George MauDonald 1,75 

THE HOLLANDS. An American Novel. By Virginia F. Towxsexd. 1,E0 

PIQUE : A Tale of the English Aristocracy, A choice novel . . . 1.50 

SIMPLICITY AND FASCINATION : A Tale of the English Gentry. 1.50 

MAINSTONE'S HOUSEKEEPER. 1.50 

THE QUEEN OF THE COUNTY 1.50 

MARGARET AND HER BRIDESMAIDS 1.50 

BROKEN TO HARNESS. By Edmund Yates 1.50 

RUNNING THE GAUNTLET 1.50 

A LOST LOVE. By Asiiford Owen 1.25 

LINNET'S TRIAL. By the Author of " Twice Lost." .... 1.25 

MOODS. An American Novel. By Louisa M. Aicott. . . . 1,25 

INTO THE LIGHT ! or, THE JEWESS 1.50 

THE SOPRANO. A Musical Story. By Jane Kincsford. . . 1,00 

MY PARIS. French Character Sketches. By Edmund Kino, of the 

Springfield Republican. " A delightful, chatty book, everybody must read." 1,50 

JUDGE NOT ! or, HESTER POWERS' GIRLHOOD, A book for Girls. . 1.25 

MILLY s or, THE HIDDEN CROSS. A Romance of School Life. • • 1.25 

HELEN FORD. A Romance of New York City Life. By Horatio Alger, jr. 1.25 

Alger's Books for Boys. 

RAGGED DICK SERIES. 5 Vols. Cloth. 
LUCK AND PLUCK SERIES. l Vol. Cloth. 
CAMPAIGN SERIES. 3 Vols. Cloth. 
THE BREAKWATER SERIES. By Virginia F. Townsend. 3 Vols. Cloth. 



